1. Qhov Chaw Pib: BBU hauv Chav Tswj Xyuas
Txhua qhov txuas FTTA pib ntawm Baseband Unit (BBU), feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv ib qho chaw nyob, chav tsev, lossis cov txee sab nraum zoov. Lub BBU yog lub luag haujlwm rau kev ua cov cim qhia hauv baseband, tswj cov khoom siv hauv xov tooj cua, thiab cuam tshuam nrog cov tub ntxhais network.
• Interface qauv:Feem ntau BBUs siv CPRI (Common Public Radio Interface) lossis eCPRI tshiab los sib txuas lus nrog cov chaw nyob deb. Cov txheej txheem no txhais cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi, framing, thiab lub sijhawm xav tau.
• Optical tso zis:BBU xa tawm cov teeb liab kho qhov muag los ntawm daim ntawv me me-qhov tseem ceeb pluggable (SFP / SFP +) transceivers. Hom chaw nres nkoj feem ntau yog LC duplex rau cov cuab yeej cuab tam CPRI (txog 10G) thiab, nce ntxiv, 25G interfaces xav tau kev sib txuas ntawm fiber ntau.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb:Cov chav tswj hwm yog "lub hlwb" ntawm qhov chaw. Los ntawm no, lub teeb liab kho qhov muag pib nws txoj kev mus rau lub kav hlau txais xov.
2. Sab nraum zoov Fiber Cable – Txoj kev mus ntev tshaj plaws
Thaum lub teeb liab tawm ntawm BBU, nws yuav tsum taug kev mus rau RU, uas tej zaum yuav nyob mus txog li ob peb puas meters deb - lossis txawm mais hauv qee qhov chaw faib khoom. Qhov nruab nrab rau kev taug kev no yog sab nraum zoov-rated fiber optic cable.
Vim li cas cov kab hauv tsev zoo tib yam yuav tsis ua haujlwm:
• Sab nraum zoov cable yuav tsum tiv thaiv UV hluav taws xob, qhov kub thiab txias (–40℃rau +70 degree), ya raws, thiab kev ntxhov siab (tensile thiab crush force).
• Nws feem ntau suav nrog cov cuab yeej cuab tam (steel lossis FRP) los tiv thaiv cov nas thiab khawb qhov yuam kev.
Hom fiber ntau rau FTTA:
• G.652.D (tus qauv ib hom) rau feem ntau txuas.
• G.657.A2 (khoov-insensitive) rau qhov chaw nruj xws li cov tais hlua lossis cov ntaub thaiv npog.
Pro tswv yim:Rau kev khiav sab nraum zoov ntev, siv cov cables nrog dej thaiv (qhuav lossis gel) thiab UV-stabilized sheaths (feem ntau yog polyethylene dub). Ntau qhov kev xa tawm FTTA kuj tseem siv hybrid cables uas sib txuas fiber ntau nrog tooj liab rau cov chaw taws teeb fais fab, tab sis cov fiber ntau ntshiab tseem yog qhov feem ntau.
3. Multiport Terminal Box – Fiber Distribution Point
Thaum ib lub feeder cable xav tau kev pab ntau RUs (xws li, ib tug pej thuam nrog peb sectors), Multiport Terminal Box los rau hauv kev ua si. Qhov rugged, tiv thaiv huab cua no feem ntau yog ntsia rau ntawm tus pej thuam ceg, ntawm phab ntsa, lossis hauv lub pedestal.
Kev ua haujlwm ntawm lub thawv terminal:
• Sib cais:Muaj PLC splitter (xws li 1: 4 lossis 1: 8) los faib cov khoom siv fiber ntau rau ntau qhov chaw RU.
• Kev txiav txim:Muab hardened adapter ports (SC, LC, los yog MPO) rau plug-and-play kev twb kev txuas mus tso cables coj mus rau txhua RU.
• Kev tiv thaiv:Ntim rau IP68 kom tsis txhob muaj plua plav thiab dej; feem ntau muaj xws li strain nyem rau cov nkag thiab tawm cables.
Vim li cas nws tseem ceeb:Yog tsis muaj lub thawv davhlau ya nyob twg, koj yuav xav tau ib tus neeg pub khoom noj cables rau txhua RU- kim thiab qhov chaw siv. Lub thawv consolidates fiber ntau infrastructure, txo nqi, thiab yooj yim txij nkawm.
4. Qhov Kev Sib Txuas Tseem Ceeb - CPRI ODVA thiab PDLC-DLC
Nruab nrab ntawm lub thawv davhlau ya nyob twg thiab RU, thiab feem ntau ntawm BBU thiab sab nraum zoov cable, koj yuav pom cov khoom sib txuas tshwj xeeb uas tsim los tiv thaiv kev vibration, huab cua, thiab rov mating.
Ob tsev neeg sib txuas hauv FTTA:
a) CPRI ODVA (Optical Distribution and Vibration-resistant Assembly)
• Tsim:Push-rub locking mechanism nrog rugged over-molded lub cev. Feem ntau suav nrog lub kaus mom tiv thaiv plua plav thiab O-ring foob.
• Lub zog:Kev co zoo heev (kuaj rau GR-771), siab rub tawm lub zog (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 200N), thiab IP68 ntsuas thaum sib tw.
• Hom kev siv:Ntauwd-saum kev sib txuas ntawm lub thawv davhlau ya nyob twg thiab RU, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv macro qhov chaw uas muaj cua muaj zog los yog ze rau kev khiav tsheb.
b) PDLC-DLC (Push-Pull LC - Duplex LC)
• Tsim:Ib tug qauv LC connector hloov nrog ib tug txuas ntxiv thawb-rub khau raj. Tsis tas yuav pinch me me latches-tsuas yog thawb kom txuas, rub kom txiav.
• Lub zog:Yooj yim dua rau cov hnab looj tes, tsis tshua muaj kev sib tsoo, thiab sib xws nrog cov qauv LC adapters.
• Hom kev siv:Kev sib txuas sab hauv tsev (BBU sab) lossis sab nraum zoov hauv qhov chaw xav tau tsawg dua; kuj muaj nyob rau hauv me me hlwb.
Qhov twg xaiv?
• Rau ntauwd-top thiab sab nraum zoov kev vibration ib puag ncig, ODVA yog qhov kev nyab xeeb dua qub.
• Rau cov chav tswj lossis chaw nyob, PDLC muab kev yooj yim thiab tus nqi qis dua.
Ob hom kev sib txuas yuav tsum raug txiav tawm ntawm lub Hoobkas thiab kuaj xyuas qhov poob (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug rau 0.3dB raug) thiab rov poob (Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 55dB rau UPC, Ntau dua lossis sib npaug rau 65dB rau APC).
5. Lub Destination: Chaw Taws Teeb (RU) nyob ntawm Ntauwd lossis Rooftop
Thaum kawg, lub teeb liab kho qhov muag mus txog qhov chaw deb (RU) - kuj hu ua RRU (Remote Radio Unit) lossis AAU (Active Antenna Unit). Lub RU tsev nyob rau hauv lub transceiver (optical-rau-hluav taws xob hloov dua siab tshiab), lub hwj chim amplifiers, lim, thiab lub kav hlau txais xov interface.
Dab tsi tshwm sim hauv RU:
• Cov khoom siv fiber ntau raug txiav tawm ntawm qhov chaw sib txuas ua ke ntawm RU (feem ntau yog ODVA lossis huab cua-sealed LC).
• Cov teeb liab kho qhov muag tau hloov rov qab mus rau hauv hluav taws xob baseband, ua tiav, hloov mus rau RF, amplified, thiab kis tau los ntawm tus kav hlau txais xov.
Cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb rau kev sib txuas RU-sab:
• Kev poob qis qis kom khaws cov teeb liab-rau-nruab nrab.
• Kev ruaj khov mechanical mating los tiv thaiv kev ua tsis tiav vim muaj cua-induced vibration.
• Kev hloov pauv yooj yim - tus kws tshaj lij yuav tsum tuaj yeem sib pauv lub jumper faulty yam tsis muaj cov cuab yeej tshwj xeeb.
6. Muab Tag Nrho Ua Ke: Ib Hom FTTA Chain
Nov yog yuav ua li cas cov khoom sib txuas hauv lub ntiaj teb macro site:
1.BBU (chaw tswj) → PDLC-DLC thaj qaum → ODVA adapter vaj huam sib luag (ntawm phab ntsa vaj huam sib luag)
2. Sab nraum zoov armored cable (pre-connectorized nrog ODVA ntawm ob qho kawg) khiav mus rau lub pej thuam.
3.Ntawm tus pej thuam saum toj kawg nkaus, lub cable ntsaws rau hauv Multiport Terminal Box (piv txwv li, 1:4 splitter).
4.Four ODVA jumper cables mus ntawm lub thawv davhlau ya nyob twg mus rau peb RUs (ib qho khoom seem).
5.Txhua RU txuas nrog thiab npaj ua haujlwm rau nws txoj haujlwm.
Tag nrho qhov txuas ntawm BBU mus rau RU yog passive (tsis muaj hluav taws xob hluav taws xob nyob nruab nrab) thiab ua ntej txuas (tsis muaj qhov sib txuas). Txoj hauv kev no txo qis lub sijhawm teeb tsa, txhim kho qhov zoo, thiab ua kom yooj yim rau kev hloov kho tshiab yav tom ntej.
7.Vim li cas FTTA tseem ceeb rau 5G Performance
Txhua yam khoom hauv cov saw hlau no-kab, lub thawv davhlau ya nyob twg, cov khoom sib txuas- qhia me me ntawm qhov poob thiab cov ntsiab lus tsis ua haujlwm. Ib qho kev xaiv tsis zoo los yog cov kab hluav taws xob sab nraum zoov puas tuaj yeem ua rau CPRI / eCPRI cov cim qhia, ua rau me ntsis yuam kev, rov ua dua, thiab nce latency. Hauv 5G, qhov twg lub hom phiaj latency nyob rau hauv ib tus lej milliseconds, txawm tias cov teeb meem ntawm lub cev me me ua qhov tseem ceeb.
Yog li, kev nkag siab txog FTTA architecture tsis yog kev kawm nkaus xwb - nws cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau kev ntseeg siab ntawm lub network, kev xa mus ceev, thiab tag nrho cov nqi ntawm cov tswv cuab.
8. Cov lus xaus
Los ntawm BBU hauv chav tswj mus rau RU ntawm tus pej thuam, txhua lub hauv paus ntawm FTTA saw muaj ib txoj haujlwm tshwj xeeb. Sab nraum zoov fiber ntau cable muab txoj kev mus ntev. Lub thawv multiport terminal faib cov teeb liab. ODVA thiab PDLC cov khoom sib txuas ua kom ntseeg tau, kev sib txuas ntawm huab cua pov thawj. Thiab RU ua tiav txoj kev taug los ntawm kev tig lub teeb rau hauv xov tooj cua tsis muaj zog.
Thaum cov khoom no raug xaiv thiab teeb tsa kom raug, qhov tshwm sim yog qhov muaj zog, yav tom ntej-npaj 5G fronthaul uas xa tawm ntawm cov lus cog tseg ntawm kev kub ceev, qis latency, thiab kev sib txuas tsis muaj kev cuam tshuam.
