Nkag siab txog Fiber Optic Cable Basics
Tag nrhofiber ntau optic cablesqhia txog tus qauv tseem ceeb. Qhov chaw yog lubtub ntxhais. Lub teeb mus los ntawm lub hauv paus. Nyob ib ncig ntawm lub hauv paus yog lubcladding. Lub cladding muaj qhov qis dua qhov taw qhia, teeb pom kev hauv cov tub ntxhais siv tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv. Kev tiv thaivtxheejnpog lub cladding. SMF thiab MMF siv ultra- iav silica ntshiab. POF siv cov yas polymers zoo li PMMA.
Hom 1: Tib -Mode Fiber (SMF)
Tib -Mode Fiber muaj ib tug nyias nyias, tsuas yog hais txog 8 mus rau 10 microns nyob rau hauv txoj kab uas hla. Cov tub ntxhais me me no tso cai rau tib txoj hauv kev, lossis "hom," ntawm lub teeb kom taug kev ncaj nraim hauv nruab nrab. SMF siv lub teeb laser. Nws cov teeb liab poob (attenuation) yog qhov tsawg heev, feem ntau nyob rau hauv 0.4 decibels ib mais. Qhov no cia SMF xa cov teeb liab hla qhov deb heev - feem ntau 100 mais lossis ntau dua yam tsis xav tau lub teeb liab txhawb. SMF tseem muaj peev xwm bandwidth siab tshaj plaws.
Kev siv zoo tshaj plaws rau ib leeg -Mode Fiber:
Ntev -kev sib txuas lus nyob deb (cov kab mob qaum qaum hla lub nroog thiab lub tebchaws)
Underwater kev sib txuas lus cables
Cable TV (CATV) network faib
High -kev sib txuas ceev rau 5G xov tooj ntawm tes
Cov kab txuas uas xav tau qhov siab tshaj plaws bandwidth dhau qhov kev ncua deb
Lub ntsiab zoo:Ntev tshaj plaws, siab tshaj bandwidth, qis tshaj teeb liab poob.
Main Disadvantages:Tus nqi siab dua rau lasers thiab meej connectors / splicing.
Hom 2: Ntau-Mode Fiber (MMF)
Multi-Mode Fiber muaj cov tub ntxhais tuab dua li SMF, xws li 50 microns lossis 62.5 microns dav. Qhov loj dua no tso cai rau ntau txoj hauv kev, lossis "hom", ntawm lub teeb kom taug kev los ntawm cov tub ntxhais ib zaug. MMF feem ntau siv LED lossis pheej yig dua VCSEL laser teeb qhov chaw. Nws cov teeb liab poob siab dua SMF, nyob ib ncig ntawm 3 decibels ib mais. Cov qauv teeb sib txawv taug kev sib txawv me ntsis ntev, ua rau muaj kev txwv hu ua modal dispersion. Qhov no txwv MMF qhov ua tau zoo nyob deb thiab bandwidth piv rau SMF.
MMF muaj cov qib sib txawv (OM1 txog OM5):
OM 1:62.5µm tub ntxhais, lub tsho txiv kab ntxwv, txhawb 1G txog 275 meters.
OM 2:50µm tub ntxhais, lub tsho txiv kab ntxwv, txhawb 1G txog 550 meters, 10G txog 82 meters.
OM 3:Laser- optimized 50µm core (aqua tsho), txhawb 10G txog 300 meters, 40G / 100G txog 100 meters.
OM4:Txhim kho laser- optimized 50µm core (aqua tsho), txhawb 10G txog 550 meters, 40G / 100G txog 150 meters.
OM 5:Tshiab wideband MMF (lime ntsuab tsho), tsim rau luv luv - ncav cuag wavelength division multiplexing.
Kev siv zoo tshaj plaws rau Multi-Mode Fiber:
Local Area Networks (LANs) hauv cov tsev lossis tsev kawm ntawv
Kev sib txuas hauv cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv (xws li txuas cov servers rau cov keyboards)
Luv -nqe qaum qaum txuas
Kev ruaj ntseg systems thiab CCTV
Qhov twg tus nqi -kev ua tau zoo rau kev ua haujlwm luv luv yog qhov tseem ceeb
Lub ntsiab zoo:Tus nqi qis dua qhov chaw teeb pom kev zoo; yooj yim rau kev txuas thiab nruab dua SMF rau kev khiav haujlwm luv.
Main Disadvantages:Ntev ntev tshaj plaws (feem ntau qis dua 2km, feem ntau tsawg dua rau kev kub ceev); qis bandwidth tshaj SMF; txwv los ntawm modal dispersion.
Hom 3: Plastic Optical Fiber (POF)
Yas Optical Fiber siv cov tub ntxhais yas, feem ntau ua los ntawm PMMA (acrylic) lossis polycarbonate. Nws cov tub ntxhais yog loj piv rau iav fibers, feem ntau 0.5 mus rau 1 millimeter dav. Qhov no ua rau POF hloov tau yooj yim, ruaj khov, thiab yooj yim los tuav. Txawm li cas los xij, cov yas ua rau cov teeb liab poob ntau dua (attenuation nyob ib ncig ntawm 0.2 decibelsrau meter) dua iav fiber ntau. Qhov no txwv POF mus rau qhov deb heev, feem ntau hauv qab 100 meters. Nws bandwidth kuj tseem qis dua li iav fiber ntau xaiv.
Kev siv zoo tshaj plaws rau Plastic Optical Fiber:
Tsheb sab hauv tes hauj lwm (TSHIAB tsheb npav, infotainment systems)
Yooj yim hauv tsev sib txuas suab / video (xws li TOSLINK cables rau cov suab digital)
Industrial tswj systems thiab sensors hla luv luv
Qee cov khoom siv hauv tsev ntse sib cuam tshuam
Qhov chaw xav tau yooj yim heev installation thiab tsis tshua muaj nqi tivthaiv
Lub ntsiab zoo:Tus nqi qis tshaj; yooj yim rau nruab thiab txiav tawm (feem ntau nrog cov connectors yooj yim); hloov tau yooj yim thiab rugged; nyab xeeb (tsis muaj iav splinters).
Main Disadvantages:Tsawg heev; bandwidth tsawg; siab dua teeb liab poob; rhiab rau cua sov.
Xaiv txoj cai Fiber Cable: Sib piv Guide
Xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws fiber ntau yog nyob ntawm peb yam tseem ceeb: qhov kev ncua deb koj xav tau npog, tus nqi ntawm cov ntaub ntawv (bandwidth) koj xav tau xa, thiab koj cov peev nyiaj.
| Feature | Tib -Mode Fiber (SMF) | Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF) | Yas Optical Fiber (POF) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cov khoom siv tseem ceeb | Ultra- iav ntshiab | iav | Yas (PMMA, thiab lwm yam) |
| Core Diameter | 8-10 micrometers (µm) | 50μm los yog 62.5μm | 0.5-1 hli (mm) |
| Lub teeb Source | Laser Diode | LED los yog VCSEL Laser | LED |
| Max nrug | 100+ kilometers (km) | Txog li 2 km (OM1 / OM2) Txog li 550m (OM4 10G) |
Hauv qab 100 meters (m) |
| Bandwidth | Siab heev (100+ Tbps) | Siab (nyob ntawm qib) | Tsawg (< 100 MHz) |
| Teeb liab poob | Tsawg heev (<0.4 dB/km) | Nruab nrab (~ 3 dB / km) | Siab (~ 0.2 dB / m) |
| Nruab Nqi | High (cov cuab yeej meej) | Nruab nrab | Tsawg heev (cov cuab yeej yooj yim) |
| Component Nqi | Siab (Laser) | Nruab nrab | Tsawg heev |
| Zoo tshaj rau | Ntev -haul telecom, Undersea cables, 5G rov qab |
Cov chaw zov me nyuam, Campus LANs, Shorter high -speed links |
Tsheb networks, Home audio/video, Short industrial txuas |
Daim Ntawv Qhia Kev Xaiv Fiber
Xav tau kev ncua deb (dhau 1-2 km) lossis siab tshaj bandwidth?XaivTib -Mode Fiber (SMF). Nws qhov kev ua tau zoo tso cai rau tus nqi siab dua.
Tsim ib lub chaw khaws ntaub ntawv lossis chaw ua haujlwm network hauv qab 550 meters? Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF)zoo li OM3 lossis OM4 feem ntau yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws sib npaug ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm.
Xav tau ib tug pheej yig heev, yooj yim tov rau hauv qab 100 meters? Yas Optical Fiber (POF)yog haum rau yooj yim suab, yees duab, los yog tswj cov teeb liab qhov kev kub ceev tsis tseem ceeb.
Kev nkag siab txog qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov tseem ceeb - cov qauv, lub teeb kis tau tus mob, kev txwv deb, bandwidth, thiab tus nqi - pab koj xaiv qhov zoo tshaj plaws fiber ntau cable rau txhua txoj haujlwm network.
