1. Nplaim taws rov qab: Kab kawg ntawm kev tiv thaiv thaum muaj xwm txheej tshwm sim
1.1 Nplaim Retardancy yog ntau tshaj li "Kev Tiv Thaiv Hluav Taws" - Nws Tiv Thaiv Tag Nrho Network
Coob leej xav tias nplaim taws retardancy tsuas yog hais txog kev tiv thaiv hluav taws. Tab sis nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas lus infrastructure, nws qhov tseem ceeb mus deb tshaj qhov ntawd.
Lub vaj huam sib luag kaw nrog nws cov nplaim hluav taws zoo heev -cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, yuav tsis tawg thiab kis tau sai thaum sib cuag nrog cov nplaim taws sab nraud. Hloov chaw, nws tuaj yeem ua rau tus kheej - tua lossis ua kom cov nplaim taws qeeb qeeb, yuav lub sijhawm muaj txiaj ntsig rau kev teb thaum muaj xwm txheej ceev. Qhov tseem ceeb tshaj, cov nplaim taws- cov khoom siv retardant tsis tso tawm cov pa phem ntau ntawm qhov kub thiab txias -ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm kev nyab xeeb rau cov npog ntsia ntawm lub tsev sab nrauv, hauv txoj kev hauv tsev, lossis hauv qhov manholes.
Tsis tas li ntawd, nplaim retardancy yog ze ze rau tag nrho cov cua kub tsis kam ntawm ib yam khoom. Cov ntaub ntawv uas dhau cov nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab heev feem ntau ua kom muaj kev ruaj ntseg nyob rau hauv siab - qhov kub thiab txias thiab tsis tshua muaj kev cuam tshuam los yog deformation vim raug tshav ntuj ntev los yog nyob ze qhov chaw sov thaum lub caij ntuj sov.
1.2 UL94 V-0: "Gold Standard" rau nplaim hluav taws
Hauv kev lag luam khoom siv hauv kev sib txuas lus, UL94 yog tus qauv siv dav tshaj plaws los kuaj cov nplaim hluav taws xob ntawm cov ntaub ntawv yas. Nws ntsuam xyuas cov khoom muaj peev xwm ua rau tus kheej - tua tom qab hluav taws kub los ntawm kev ntsuas hluav taws xob ntsug. Cov kev ntsuas, los ntawm qis tshaj mus rau siab tshaj, yog: HB, V2, V1, V0, 5VB, thiab 5VA.
Ntawm cov no, V-0 yog ib qho ntawm cov nplaim taws siab tshaj plaws -kev ntsuas qhov tsis zoo. Cov ntaub ntawv ntsuas V-0 yuav tsum tua tus kheej tsis pub dhau 30 vib nas this tom qab ob daim ntawv thov nplaim taws 10 thib ob, thiab tsis tso cai rau cov nplaim taws.
Rau sab nraum zoov splice kaw, UL94 V-0 tau dhau los ua kev lag luam tseem ceeb. Cov khoom kaw zoo feem ntau yog siv cov yas engineering uas ua tiav V-0 qhov ntsuas, xws li PC / ABS alloys lossis hloov polypropylene. Qhov no ua kom ntseeg tau tias txawm tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej hnyav uas cuam tshuam nrog qhov hluav taws kub sab nraud, qhov kaw yuav tsis dhau los ua ib qho kev sib koom ua ke hauv kev sib kis.
1.3 Nws tsis yog tsuas yog hais txog kev ntsuas - Formulation Matters Ib yam nkaus
Nws yog ib qho tsim nyog sau cia tias txawm tias cov ntaub ntawv nrog cov nplaim hluav taws zoo tib yam tuaj yeem muaj cov khoom sib txawv heev. Siv polycarbonate (PC) thiab hloov kho polypropylene (PP) ua piv txwv:
PC muaj cov nplaim hluav taws kub hauv nruab nrab-cov khoom tiv thaiv thiab tuaj yeem ua tiav V-0 nrog ntxiv cov nplaim hluav taws. Nws lub zog muaj zog muaj zog muaj zog thiab pob tshab zoo, tab sis nws cov UV tsis kam siv sab nraum zoov mus ntev yog qhov tsis muaj zog.
Hloov kho polypropylene, txhim kho nrog iav fiber ntau thiab nplaim hluav taws kub, tuaj yeem ua tiav V-0. Nws qhov zoo dua yog nyob rau hauv kev sib txuas cov nplaim hluav taws zoo, huab cua, thiab kev cuam tshuam, ua rau nws tsim tshwj xeeb rau kev teeb tsa huab cua.
Kev lag luam kev tshawb fawb qhia tau hais tias rau fiber optic splice thawv, iav fiber reinforced hloov polypropylene (PP) yog haum rau conduit thiab faus ncaj qha installation, thaum UV-stabilized iav fiber reinforced polypropylene (PP) yog zoo dua haum rau overhead installations. Qhov no qhia tau hais tias ua splice lub thawv manufacturers yuav tsum xaiv cov ntaub ntawv tsim nyog tshaj plaws raws li cov xwm txheej sib txawv.
2 UV Resistance: Lub Invisible Armor tiv thaiv "Sunlight Killer"
Yog hais tias cov nplaim hluav taws kub yog hais txog kev teb rau "kev puas tsuaj tam sim ntawd," ces UV tiv thaiv yog hais txog kev sib ntaus "kev puas tsuaj ntev."
2.1 "Slow Strangulation" ntawm cov yas los ntawm UV Radiation
Ultraviolet hluav taws xob yog ib qho tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv polymer aging. Thaum lub hnab yas raug tshav ntuj ntev ntev, siab -lub zog ultraviolet photons ua rau cov saw hlau polymer molecular puas tsuaj, ua rau muaj cov tshuaj tiv thaiv tsis tau rov qab:
1.Nto hmoov hmoov:Cov txheej txheej maj mam poob nws gloss thiab tsim ib qho dawb, chalky residue.
2.Discoloration:Thawj cov vaj tsev dub lossis grey ploj mus, yellows, lossis tsim cov pob.
3.Cracking thiab embrittlement:Cov khoom poob yooj yim thiab yuav tawg thaum lub teeb cuam tshuam.
4.Poob ntawm mechanical zog:Kev cuam tshuam lub zog thiab tensile zog degrade ho.
Fiber optic splice thawv uas tsis muaj UV tiv thaiv yuav qhia pom pom tseeb ntawm kev laus tom qab 3-5 xyoos ntawm kev raug sab nraum zoov. Thaum lub casing tawg, foob tsis ua hauj lwm tsuas yog ib qho teeb meem ntawm lub sij hawm-thiab foob tsis ua hauj lwm txhais tau hais tias cov fiber optic splice cov ntsiab lus yuav raug mus rau ib qho chaw ntub thiab plua plav, ncaj qha ua rau teeb liab attenuation los yog kev pab cuam cuam tshuam.
2.2 Qhov "Hard Metric" rau UV Resistance: Muaj pes tsawg teev txaus?
UV tsis kam yog feem ntau ntsuas los ntawm kev kuaj kev laus sai. Cov txheej txheem kev lag luam uas muaj xws li:
QUV accelerated weathering test:Fluorescent ultraviolet teeb yog siv los simulate ultraviolet rays nyob rau hauv ntuj tshav ntuj. High-cov ntaub ntawv zoo sab nraum zoov feem ntau yuav tsum tau tiv taus 3000 teev ntawm cov hluav taws xob ultraviolet yam tsis muaj cov cim qhia tias muaj hmoov av los yog tawg.
Xenon-arc weathering test:Siv lub xenon-arc teeb los simulate puv - spectrum tshav ntuj, muab cov kev kuaj mob hnyav dua. ISO 4892-2 thiab ASTM G155 yog cov qauv siv feem ntau siv.
2,160-teev UV kuaj:Nyob rau hauv International Electrotechnical Commission's (IEC) qhov tseeb ODN cov khoom lag luam ntev - lub sijhawm ntsuas kev ntseeg tau, 2160-teev kev ntsuas ultraviolet tau teev tseg raws li cov khoom ntsuas tseem ceeb.
Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev xaiv cov khoom, UV kuj feem ntau ua tiav los ntawm ob txoj hauv kev:
Ntxiv UV stabilizers:Kev koom ua ke UV absorbers los yog hindered amine teeb stabilizers (HALS) rau hauv cov yas matrix kom nqus los yog quench UV zog.
Xaiv UV-cov qib resistant resin:Qee cov qib engineering yas yog inherently UV- hloov kho, xws li UV-stabilized iav-fiber- txhawb nqa PP.
2.3 Txoj Cai "Unwritten Rule" Ntawm UV Resistance thiab Xim
Interestingly, cov xim ntawm lub tsev kaw kuj ncaj qha cuam tshuam rau UV tsis kam.
Dub yog xim ntau tshaj plaws rau cov thawv sab nraum zoov. Cov pa roj carbon dub siv rau hauv cov ntaub ntawv dub muaj cov khoom zoo heev UV nqus, ua haujlwm zoo li "tsim- hauv tshuaj pleev thaiv hnub." Qhov no yog vim li cas feem coob ntawm cov cuab yeej siv xov tooj cua sab nraum zoov siv cov khoom siv dub lossis tsaus nti -cov xim xim- dub tsis yog tsuas yog stain -resistant tab sis kuj tshav ntuj-resistant.
Hauv qhov sib piv, sib dua -cov xim lossis cov vaj tsev pob tshab ntsib kev sib tw UV ntau dua sab nraum zoov thiab xav tau ntau dua - qib UV stabilizer formulations.
3 Nplaim Retardancy + UV Resistance: Yuav Ua Li Cas Ob Lub Cuab Yeej Ua Haujlwm Ua Ke?
Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab thiab UV tsis kam yuav zoo li cov kev qhia tshwj xeeb ywj pheej, tab sis thaum lub sijhawm ua haujlwm ntev - lub neej ntawm kev sib txuas kaw, lawv cuam tshuam thiab txhawb ib leeg:
UV tiv thaiv tiv thaiv hluav taws kub retardancy:Raws li cov khoom muaj hnub nyoog, cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem tawm los yog degrade nrog rau cov saw hlau polymer. Lub vaj tsev uas muaj kev tiv thaiv UV zoo heev tswj cov khoom siv ruaj khov thaum lub sijhawm, tiv thaiv tsis ncaj ncees ntawm cov nplaim taws ua haujlwm tau zoo- cov txheej txheem retardant.
Cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem cuam tshuam UV stability:Ntxiv qee cov nplaim hluav taws tuaj yeem ua kom cov duab nrawm dua -oxidation. Yog li ntawd, ua kom tiav ob qho tib si zoo heev nplaim taws retardancy thiab UV tsis kam yuav tsum tau ua tib zoo tsim- qhov no yog qhov kev sib tw tseem ceeb uas txawv ntawm sab saum toj -tier lub raj mis cap manufacturers.
Kev lag luam kev coj ua tau pom tias cov khoom siv daws teeb meem siv PC / ABS alloys lossis hloov kho polypropylene, nrog rau kev sib ntxiv ntawm UV stabilizers, kom ua tiav UL94 V0 nplaim hluav taws kub nyhiab tau dhau los ua "tus qauv teeb tsa" rau siab - zoo sab nraum zoov hlws ris thawv.
4.Cov lus qhia txog kev yuav khoom: Yuav ua li cas los ntsuas cov khoom kaw zoo
Rau kev yuav khoom thiab cov neeg ua haujlwm technical, cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab thaum ntsuas qhov sib txuas kaw:
Thov nplaim taws-cov ntawv ceeb toom kuaj retardant:Nug tus neeg muag khoom rau thib peb - tog UL94 cov ntaub ntawv kuaj xyuas kom paub meej tias cov khoom ntsuas tau mus txog V-0.
Txheeb xyuas UV kuaj lub sijhawm:Nug seb cov khoom puas tau dhau QUV lossis xenon- kev kuaj kev laus, thiab seb lub sijhawm xeem dhau 2,000 teev. Kev lag luam- cov khoom lag luam feem ntau ua tiav 3,000 teev.
Txheeb xyuas cov qib khoom tshwj xeeb:Paub meej tias cov khoom siv tiag tiag (xws li PC / ABS, hloov kho PP) thiab seb UV stabilizers tau ntxiv lawm.
4.Txheeb xyuas qhov tiag-cov ntaub ntawv thov thoob ntiaj teb:Nug tus neeg muag khoom txog cov khoom siv lub neej tiag tiag thiab kev ua haujlwm hauv thaj chaw huab cua sib txawv (xws li, siab- qhov siab, siab- thaj tsam UV; ntug hiav txwv dej, siab- ntsev- thaj chaw tshuaj tsuag).
Xaus
Lub neej kev pabcuam sab nraum zoov ntawm kev sib tw kaw tsis yog txiav txim siab los ntawm nws cov khoom siv hlau uas muaj zog tshaj plaws, tab sis los ntawm nws cov vaj tse yas uas tsis muaj zog tshaj plaws. Cov nplaim hluav taws kub hnyiab txiav txim siab nws txoj sia nyob tau thaum muaj hluav taws, thaum UV tiv thaiv txiav txim siab ntev npaum li cas nws tuaj yeem tiv taus hnub- tom qab- hnub raug tshav ntuj.
