Tib-Mode Fiber vs Multi-Mode Fiber

Tib -Mode Fiber (SMF)

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Tib - hom fiber ntau muaj lub hauv paus uas tsuas yog8 mus rau 10 micrometersdav - roughly ib - kaum qhov dav ntawm tib neeg cov plaub hau. Lub hauv paus me me ntawd yog tus yuam sij. Nws yog qhov me me uas tsuas yog ib lub teeb ci tuaj yeem taug kev los ntawm ib lub sijhawm, txav mus rau hauv txoj kab ncaj nraim ntawm ib kawg mus rau lwm qhov. Vim tias txhua lub teeb siv tib txoj kev, lub teeb liab nyob twj ywm ntse thiab tsis kis tawm. Qhov no hu uamodal dispersion, thiab ib leeg - hom fiber ntau yeej tsis muaj nws.

Txhawm rau thawb lub teeb los ntawm qhov qhib me me, SMF xav tau alaser qhov chaw. Lasers tsim lub teeb pom kev zoo, nqaim - raws nraim qhov koj xav tau. Qhov tsis zoo yog tias laser-raws li transceivers raug nqi ntau dua li LED lossis VCSEL qhov chaw siv hauv ntau- hom tshuab. Uas tau hais tias, rau txhua qhov txuas uas yuav tsum tau them mus ntev lossis nqa bandwidth siab heev, qhov kev ua tau zoo tsim nyog tus nqi ntxiv.

Qhov Chaw Nws Ci: Tiag -Cov Piv Txwv Ntiaj Teb

Tib hom - hom fiber ntau dominates txhua daim ntawv thov qhov twg lub teeb liab yuav tsum tau mus deb. Ob peb yam piv txwv:

Google lub ntiaj teb fiber ntau network siv tib - hom fiber ntau rau nws cov submarine cable systems, suav nrog FASTER cable txuas rau Asmeskas thiab Nyij Pooj - khiav ntawm ntau dua 9,000 km. (Tau qhov twg los: Google Cloud blog, 2022)

AT&T's fiber ntau-rau--lub tsev (FTTH) kev xa tawm thoob plaws Asmeskas cia siab rau OS2 nkaus xwb- hom fiber ntau, uas tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov ntaub ntawv tus nqi ntawm 1 Gbps thiab siab dua nyob deb ntawm 20 km lossis ntau dua rau ib qho. (Source: AT&T Investor Relations, 2023)

Hyperscale cov ntaub ntawv chaw zoo li cov uas khiav los ntawm AWS thiab Microsoft Azure siv ib zaug - hom fiber ntau rau kev sib tshuam - lub tsev thiab cov pob txha hauv tsev kawm ntawv qhov twg khiav tshaj 500 meters.

Tau qhov twg los: Google Infrastructure, AT&T FTTH Whitepaper 2023, IEEE 802.3 Standard

OS1 and OS2 Standards

Tib - hom fiber ntau los hauv ob qib tseem ceeb.OS 1yog tsim rau siv sab hauv tsev - khiav ntawm phab ntsa, cable tais, thiab lub tsev risers. Nws muaj qhov siab tshaj plaws teeb liab poob ntawm 1.0 dB ib mais.OS 2yog tsim rau kev teeb tsa sab nraum zoov qhov twg cov fiber ntau tiv thaiv hauv cov raj xoob hauv lub tsho cable. OS2 ua tiav cov teeb liab poob qis dua - tsis pub ntau tshaj 0.4 dB/km - uas yog vim li cas nws thiaj siv tau rau lub tsev kawm ntawv ntev, lub nroog -wide metro networks, thiab ntev - kev sib txuas ntawm cov nroog.

Yog tias koj tab tom khiav fiber ntau ntawm ob lub tsev hauv tsev kawm ntawv lossis txuas cov chaw nyob deb, OS2 yuav luag txhua qhov kev xaiv. OS1 ua rau kev txiav txim siab thaum koj nyob hauv ib lub tsev thiab tus nqi ib meter tseem ceeb tshaj qhov siab tshaj plaws.

Multi-Mode Fiber (MMF)

Nws ua haujlwm li cas

Multi- hom fiber ntau siv txoj hauv kev sib txawv. Nws qhov tseem ceeb yog qhov loj dua -50 micrometersnyob rau hauv feem ntau niaj hnub installation, los yog 62.5 µm nyob rau hauv laus OM1 cable. Cov tub ntxhais loj dua ntawd yooj yim ua haujlwm nrog: nws txais lub teeb los ntawm tus nqi qis -LED lossis VCSEL qhov chawes tsis yog lasers kim, thiab nws yog kev zam txim ntau dua thaum txuas fiber ntau ua ke.

Kev lag luam - tawm yogmodal dispersion. Thaum ntau lub rays ntawm lub teeb mus los ntawm tib lub hauv paus ntawm qhov sib txawv me ntsis, lawv tuaj txog ntawm qhov kawg ntawm lub sijhawm sib txawv me ntsis. Tshaj luv luv, qhov no tsis yog teeb meem. Nyob deb deb, nws ua rau lub teeb liab plooj thiab ua nyuaj rau nyeem. Qhov no yog qhov laj thawj tseem ceeb ntawm ntau- hom fiber ntau muaj qhov txwv nyob deb, txawm tias koj lub transceivers zoo npaum li cas.

Niaj hnub nimno MMF siv cov qhab-nees -index design - cov tub ntxhais yog engineered kom lub teeb rays mus deb ntawm qhov chaw txav ceev, pab lawv tuaj txog ntawm tib lub sij hawm raws li rays nyob ze ntawm qhov chaw. Qhov no ib nrab them nyiaj rau kev hloov pauv hloov pauv thiab yog vim li cas cov qib OM tshiab ua tau zoo dua OM1.

OM Standards: OM1 txog OM5

Qhov kev faib tawm OM (txhais los ntawm ISO/IEC 11801) qhia koj tias bandwidth ntau npaum li cas - hom fiber ntau tuaj yeem nqa tau thiab nyob deb npaum li cas. Txhua tiam yeej zoo tshaj qhov kawg:

Tau qhov twg los: ISO/IEC 11801: 2017, TIA-492AAAE (OM5 standard)

OM1 thiab OM2 tsuas yog cuam tshuam yog tias koj ua haujlwm nrog cov txheej txheem uas twb muaj lawm. Rau txhua qhov kev teeb tsa tshiab, pib ntawm OM3 ntawm qhov tsawg kawg nkaus. OM4 yog tus qauv tsim dav tshaj plaws niaj hnub no thiab ntaus qhov sib npaug zoo ntawm tus nqi thiab kev ua haujlwm. OM5 tsim nyog xav txog yog tias koj tab tom npaj rau 40G lossis 100G nrawm thiab xav siv cov fiber ntau tsawg dua los ntawm luv luv -wave division multiplexing (SWDM).

Ib qho piv txwv ntawm - ntiaj teb no:Cisco's data center design guidespom zoo OM4 ua lub hauv paus rau kev xa tawm 10G thiab 25G tshiab, nrog OM5 rau cov chaw npaj yuav txav mus rau 100G nyob rau ob peb xyoos tom ntej no. (Source: Cisco Data Center Design Guide, 2023)

Lub taub hau - mus rau -Lub taub hau sib piv

Tau qhov twg los: TIA-568.3-D, ISO/IEC 11801, IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Standards

Yuav Ua Li Cas Xaiv Txoj Cai Fiber

Qhov kev xaiv los mus rau peb yam: nyob deb, bandwidth, thiab pob nyiaj siv. Nov yog ib txoj hauv kev yooj yim los xav txog nws.

Siv Tib -Mode Fiber Thaum:

Koj lub cable khiav ntev dua 500 meters

Koj xav tau 100G, 400G, lossis siab dua - tam sim no lossis yav tom ntej

Koj tab tom txuas cov tsev sib txawv, tsev kawm ntawv, lossis cov chaw nyob deb

Koj tab tom tsim fiber ntau-rau--tsev (FTTH) nkag mus rau network

Koj xav tau qhov qis tshaj qhov teeb liab poob nyob rau qhov ntev

Siv Multi-Mode Fiber Thaum:

Tag nrho koj cov kev txuas nyob hauv ib lub tsev lossis lub tsev kawm ntawv luv luv (hauv qab 300-550 m)

Koj tab tom tsim tawm cov ntaub ntawv ntom ntom kab rov tav cabling qhov twg tus nqi transceiver yog qhov tseem ceeb

Koj lub hom phiaj ceev yog 10G lossis 25G (OM3 / OM4) lossis txog 100G ntawm luv ncav cuag (OM5)

Koj yuav tsum khaws cov peev nyiaj ua ntej kom tsawg li tsawg tau rau ntau qhov txuas luv luv

Ib qho taw qhia uas feem ntau ua rau tib neeg xav tsis thoob: thaum ntau- hom kab hluav taws xob raug nqi me ntsis ntau dua ib 'meter' dua ib hom -,cov transceivers yog pheej yig dua. Rau cov chaw khaws ntaub ntawv nrog ntau pua qhov kev sib txuas luv luv, cov nyiaj khaws cia ntawm cov transceiver ntxiv sai. 10G SFP + SR transceiver rau OM3 / OM4 feem ntau raug nqi ib ncig ntawm $ 15-30, thaum qhov sib npaug ib zaug -hom LR transceiver tuaj yeem khiav $ 80-150 lossis ntau dua. (Tau qhov twg los: Fiberstore pricing data, 2024; txheeb xyuas hla cov neeg muag khoom loj)

Nyob rau sab ntxeev, rau 10-km qaum qaum txuas, koj yuav xav tau cov cuab yeej siv los rov tsim dua ntau- hom teeb liab ntev ua ntej koj mus txog qhov kawg - thaum tib - hom yuav npog tag nrho qhov kev ncua deb tsis muaj teeb meem. Nyob rau hauv tas li ntawd, ib leeg-hom yog tiag tiag qhov pheej yig dua kev xaiv zuag qhia tag nrho.

Cov lus nug nquag

Dab tsi yog qhov txawv ntawm ib qho -hom thiab ntau- hom fiber ntau?

Qhov loj me. Tib - hom fiber ntau muaj cov tub ntxhais me me (~ 9 µm) uas tso cai rau tib txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, ua rau nws poob qis heev thiab muaj peev xwm los npog qhov ntev. Multi- hom fiber ntau muaj cov tub ntxhais loj dua (50 lossis 62.5 µm) uas txhawb nqa ntau txoj kev teeb pom kev zoo, uas txwv qhov kev ncua deb tab sis tso cai rau cov transceivers pheej yig dua.

Thaum twg kuv yuav tsum siv ib qho - hom fiber ntau?

Txhua lub sijhawm koj lub cable khiav ntev dua li ob peb puas meters, lossis thaum koj xav tau bandwidth siab heev xws li 100G lossis 400G. Tib hom - hom yog tus qauv rau WAN kev sib txuas, ntev - kev sib txuas, metro networks, thiab fiber ntau- mus rau - - kev xa tawm hauv tsev.

Puas yog ntau- hom fiber ntau pheej yig dua ib hom -?

Rau luv luv txuas, yog - vim tias cov transceivers raug nqi ntau dua. Tab sis rau kev sib txuas ntev dua, ib qho - hom xaus qhov pheej yig dua tag nrho vim tias koj tsis txhob muaj cov khoom siv txhawb zog uas ntau - hom yuav xav tau. Qhov tawg-txawm qhov taw tes yog kwv yees li 300-500 meters, nyob ntawm qhov ceev thiab cov cuab yeej koj siv.

Qhov txawv ntawm OS1 thiab OS2 yog dab tsi?

Ob leeg yog ib qho - qauv qauv. OS1 yog rau sab hauv tsev, nruj- buffered cable nrog txog li 1.0 dB/km teeb liab poob. OS2 yog rau sab nraum zoov, xoob-tube cable nrog qhov poob qis dua ntawm 0.4 dB/km - ua rau nws haum rau kev khiav ntev ntawm cov tsev thiab thoob plaws hauv tsev kawm ntawv.

Puas muaj ntau- hom fiber ntau txhawb 100G tes hauj lwm?

Yog, tab sis tsuas yog luv luv. OM5 fiber ntau siv SWDM (luv-wave division multiplexing) tuaj yeem nqa 100G mus txog 150 meters. Rau txhua yam ntev dua, koj xav tau ib qho - hom fiber ntau.

Kev xav zaum kawg

Tsis yog ib qho -hom lossis ntau- hom fiber ntau zoo dua hauv txhua qhov xwm txheej. Lawv raug tsim los rau cov haujlwm sib txawv.

Tib - hom fiber ntaumuab koj ncav cuag thiab bandwidth uas ntau- hom tsis tuaj yeem sib xws. Yog tias koj lub network nthuav dav cov tsev, tsev kawm ntawv, lossis lub nroog - lossis yog tias koj tab tom npaj rau 400G thiab dhau ntawm - ib leeg - hom yog lub hauv paus zoo.

Multi- hom fiber ntauua kom cov nqi qis rau luv luv, siab - qhov chaw ntom ntom zoo li cov ntaub ntawv chaw server chav thiab cov chaw ua haujlwm LAN. Rau txhua yam hauv qab 500 meters ntawm 10G txog 100G nrawm, nws yog qhov ua tau zoo, zoo - pov thawj xaiv.

Kuv qhov kev pom zoo dav dav: yog tias koj muaj kev tsis ntseeg txog yav tom ntej nyob deb lossis xav tau bandwidth, mus nrog - hom. Lub cable nws tus kheej tsis kim, thiab OS2 fiber ntau yooj yim nrhiav. Cov transceivers raug nqi ntau dua niaj hnub no, tab sis cov nqi tau poob tsis tu ncua - thiab koj yuav tsis tas yuav rov- rub cable yog tias koj xav tau loj hlob.

Yog tias koj tab tom txuas rau lub tsev kawm ntawv tshiab lossis hloov kho lub tsev kawm ntawv LAN qhov twg txhua qhov kev khiav dej num kom meej meej hauv qab 300 meters, OM4 tseem yog ib qho khoom thiab tus nqi -kev xaiv zoo rau 2024-2025 kev xa tawm.

Cov ntaub ntawv

• ISO/IEC 11801:2017 - Kev Siv Hluav Taws Xob Rau Cov Neeg Siv Khoom

• TIA-568.3-D - Optical Fiber Cabling Components Standard

• IEEE 802.3 Ethernet Working Group Standards

• Cisco Data Center Design Guide, 2023 Edition

• AT&T FTTH Infrastructure Whitepaper, 2023

• Google Cloud Infrastructure Blog, Submarine Cable Systems, 2022

• Fiberstore (FS.com) Transceiver Pricing & Compatibility Data, 2024