Dab tsi yog Fiber Splitter tiag tiag
Fiber optic splitter yog ib qho khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev uas siv ib lub teeb liab tawm thiab faib nws ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov tso zis fibers - lossis, khiav rov qab, sib txuas ob peb cov khoom nkag rau hauv ib qho.Tsis zoo li cov khoom siv nquag uas xav tau hluav taws xob, lub splitter tsuas yog nyob ntawm tus cwj pwm ntawm lub teeb hauv iav, uas yog qhov ua rau nws pheej yig rau kev xa thiab txhim khu kev qha hauv qhov chaw koj tsis tuaj yeem yooj yim zog lossis ncav cuag.
Ib qho khoom ntiag tug - passivity - yog vim li cas tag nrhoPassive optical network (PON)architecture muaj. Ib qho fiber ntau tawm ntawm lub chaw ua haujlwm hauv nruab nrab, tsoo lub tshuab tawg, thiab ua haujlwm rau ntau lub tsev. Tsis muaj cov cuab yeej siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab ntawm Optical Line Terminal (OLT) thiab cov neeg siv khoom Optical Network Terminal (ONT). Lub splitter yog cov khoom uas ua rau "ib fiber ntau, ntau tus neeg siv khoom" lub cev ua tau.
Lub physics: yuav ua li cas ib lub teeb ntawm lub teeb yuav ntau
Lub teeb nyob hauv ib qho optical fiber ntau vim yogtag nrho internal reflection. Cov tub ntxhais iav muaj qhov ntsuas qhov ntsuas me ntsis siab dua li qhov nyob ib puag ncig cladding, yog li thaum lub teeb tawm tsam uas ciam teb ntawm lub kaum sab xis txaus, nws rov qab mus rau hauv cov tub ntxhais es tsis txhob tso tawm. Qhia lub teeb ntawd rau hauv cov qauv uas ciam teb geometry hloov, thiab koj tuaj yeem yuam kom lub zog rov faib rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Qhov ntawd yog tag nrho cov dag.
Muaj ob txoj hauv kev los tsim cov qauv ntawd, thiab lawv sib haum rau ob tsev neeg splitter koj yuav yuav.
FBT vs PLC: ob txoj hauv kev los tsim tib txoj haujlwm
Tom ntej: Fused Biconical Taper (FBT)
Txoj kev qub. Ob los yog ntau dua liab qab fibers yog ua raws, ces rhuab thiab ncab ntawm lub tshuab tapering kom txog thaum lawv cov cores fuse rau hauv ib cheeb tsam coupling. Raws li lub teeb nkag mus rau thaj tsam tapered nws ua ke hla mus rau hauv cov fiber ntau uas nyob ib sab, thiab thaum kawg ntawm lub taper lub zog tawm ntawm cov khoom tawm.Lub ncab ntev thiab twist lub kaum sab xis thaum tsim khoom txiav txim siab qhov sib piv. FBT yog pheej yig thiab cia koj tsim asymmetric ratios (hais 5/95 los yog 30/70 kais), tab sis precision ntog sai: saum toj no ib tug 1 × 8 phua nws yuav tsum tau sib sau los ntawm cascaded 1 × 2 units, thiab tus nqi tsis ua hauj lwm nce.
Planar Lightwave Circuit Court (PLC)
Txoj kev niaj hnub no rau kev suav siab. Waveguides yog etched rau ntawm silica lossis silicon nti siv photolithography - tib chav kawm ntawm cov txheej txheem siv los ua cov khoom siv semiconductors. Lub teeb nkag mus rau ib lub waveguide thiab sib cais ntawm qhov tseeb Y-txhais chaw rau hauv 4, 8, 16, 32, lossis 64 cov zis. Vim hais tias cov geometry yog lithographically txhais tsis yog txhais tes- rub,PLC splitters xa cov kev poob zoo thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab cov lus teb tiaj tus los ntawm 1260 txog 1650 nm- npog txhua qhov PON wavelength hauv ib lub cuab yeej.
| Parameter | FBT splitter | PLC splitter |
|---|---|---|
| Tsim | Fused, stretched fibers | Etched waveguide nti |
| Tswv yim cais qab nthab | 1 × 8 (siab dua=cascaded, siab dua tsis ua hauj lwm) | 1 × 64 hauv ib lub cuab yeej |
| Wavelength ntau | Kho qhov rais (1310/1490/1550 nm) | 1260-1650 nm, loj |
| Chaw nres nkoj - rau -port uniformity | Hloov pauv | Tight |
| Kub poob drift (TDL) | ~ 0.5 dB / degree | ~ 0.2 dB / degree |
| Ua haujlwm kub | −5 rau +75 degree | −40 rau +85 degree |
| Kev siv zoo tshaj plaws | 1 × 2/2 × 2 kais, asymmetric piv, saib xyuas | FTTH / PON kev faib tawm, 1 × 8 thiab siab dua |
Yog vim li cas splitting ib txwm nqi koj decibels
Qhov no yog feem ntau "nws ua haujlwm li cas" cov ntawv hla, thiab nws yog ib feem uas txiav txim siab seb koj lub network puas ua haujlwm. Thaum koj faib lub hwj chim kho qhov muag N txoj kev, txhua qhov tso zis tuaj yeem tau txais ib feem ntawm cov tswv yim. Qhov tsis tuaj yeem zam tau, physics-poob poob rau qhov sib cais yog:
Theoretical phua poob (dB)=10 × log₁₀(N)
Yog li 1 × 2 faib poob tsawg kawg 3 dB, 1 × 4 poob 6 dB, 1 × 8 poob 9 dB, thiab lwm yam. Cov khoom siv tiag tiag poobntautshaj qhov no, vimpoob dhau- lub zog poob rau kev tawg, kev sib txuas tsis zoo, thiab kev nqus cov khoom hauv lub cuab yeej. Tus naj npawb koj yeej tsim nrog yogpoob poob, uas folds theoretical phua thiab qhov ntau poob ua ke.
| Split ratio | Theoretical split poob | Hom max insertion poob | Poob uniformity |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1×2 | 3.0dB ua | 3.6dB ib | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.6 dB |
| 1×4 | 6.0dB ib | 7.4db ua | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.8 dB |
| 1×8 | 9.0db ua | 11.0 dB | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.0 dB |
| 1×16 | 12.0 dB | 14.0 dB | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.4 dB |
| 1×32 | 15.0 dB | 17.5 dB | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 1.9 dB |
| 1×64 | 18.0 dB | 21.0dB ua | Tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 2.5 dB |
Cov specs uas ntes cov neeg tawm
Insertion poob tau txais tag nrho cov xim, tab sis peb lwm tus lej txiav txim siab kev ntseeg:
- Kev tsis sib xws- qhov sib kis ntawm qhov zoo tshaj plaws thiab qhov tsis zoo tso zis chaw nres nkoj ntawm ib qho khoom siv. Ib qho 1 × 32 nrog cov tsis zoo sib xws txhais tau hais tias qee cov neeg siv khoom tau khiav ze rau ntawm ntug kev siv nyiaj thaum lwm tus muaj cov npoo kom seem.
- Rov qab poob (RL)- pom lub teeb rov qab los rau ntawm qhov chaw. Siab dua yog zoo dua; APC connectors muab ntau dua los yog sib npaug rau 60 dB piv rau ~ 50 dB rau UPC, uas yog vim li cas PON poob yuav luag siv APC.
- Polarization-nyob ntawm qhov poob (PDL)thiabqhov kub thiab txias -dependent poob (TDL)- me me hauv PLC (≈0.1–0.2 dB), tab sis nyob rau hauv FBT qhov kub thiab txias ib leeg tuaj yeem thawb qhov sib txuas ntawm cov nyiaj tau los ntawm ib hmo txias.
Ib qho piv txwv ua haujlwm: kaw qhov nyiaj poob tiag tiag
Specs tsuas yog teeb meem thaum koj ntxiv lawv. Ntawm no yog kev suav ib tus engineer khiav ua ntej xaj ib qho splitter. Piv txwv li GPON downstream nrog ib qho +3 dBm OLT tso tawm thiab ONT txais rhiab heev ntawm −28 dBm - muab tag nrho cov peev nyiaj ntawm 31 dB.
| Element | Poob | khiav tag nrho |
|---|---|---|
| OLT tso tawm lub zog | +3.0 dBm | - |
| Feeder + poob fiber ntau, 8 km @ 0.35 dB / km | 2.8dB ua | 2.8dB ua |
| 1 × 32 PLC splitter insertion poob | 17.5 dB | 20.3 dB |
| Connectors (4 × 0.3 dB) | 1.2 dB | 21.5 dB |
| Qhov siab (4 × 0.1 dB) | 0.4dB ib | 21.9 dB |
| Kev laus / kho cov npoo | 3.0dB ua | 24.9dB ib |
| Lub zog ntawm ONT | +3.0 − 24.9=−21.9 dBm - hauv qhov txwv −28 dBm ✓ | |
Lub splitter ib leeg nojntau tshaj 70%ntawm cov peev nyiaj siv hauv qhov kev tsim no. Qhov tseeb ib leeg ua rau yuav luag txhua qhov kev txiav txim siab kev tsim vaj tsev hauv PON. Nws kuj yog vim li cas ib tug tsis zoo teev splitter - ib tug uas nws "1 × 32" yog tiag tiag 18.5 dB es tsis txhob ntawm 17.5 dB - ntsiag to noj koj tag nrho kho margin ua ntej tus kws kho mob puas tau kov lub cable.
Centralized vs cascaded splitting
Thaum koj paub qhov poob lej, qhov kev xaiv xa mus ua raws. Muaj ob txoj kev mus txog, hais, 32 lub tsev.
Centralized:ib qho 1 × 32 splitter zaum hauv ib lub hub faib fiber ntau, thiab 32 fibers kiv cua tawm mus rau 32 ONTs. Ib qho splitter, ib qho kev tshwm sim poob (~ 17.5 dB), yooj yim rau kev sim thiab saib xyuas.Qhov no yog qhov kev xaiv tus qauv hauv cov nroog lojvim tias kev nkag tau yooj yim thiab koj tuaj yeem tawm cov chaw nres nkoj splitter tsis siv kom txog thaum cov neeg siv npe nkag.
Cascaded:ib tug 1 × 4 splitter nyob rau hauv ib tug sab nraud enclosure pub plaub 1 × 8 splitters ze rau cov neeg muas zaub. Qhov tshwm sim tseem yog 32 qhov tawm, tab sis qhov poob tam sim no pawg: kwv yees li 7.4 dB (1 × 4) + 11 dB (1 × 8) ≈ 18.4 dB - txog ib decibelphem duatshaj centralized. Cov nyiaj them poob qis yog qhov tsawg dua feeder fiber ntau, uas yog vim li cas cascaded splitting yeej nyob rau hauv kev sib kis - tawm mus deb nroog los yog lub zos txoj kev uas fiber ntev, tsis nkag, yog tus nqi tsav tsheb.
Kev daws teeb meem hauv teb: tus splitter tsis tshua muaj neeg ua txhaum
Thaum ib qhov txuas nyeem qhov poob siab, lub splitter yuav raug liam thiab raug pauv ua ntej. Nws yog yuav luag txhua qhov kev txav tsis raug.Insertion poob yog qhov sib npaug ntawm txhua qhov txuas, splice, khoov, thiab cov khoom hauv txoj kev, thiab kev nyeem ntawv ntawm qhov kawg qhia rau koj tsis muaj dab tsi txogqhov twglub neej poob. Ua ntej rau txim rau ib tug splitter:
- Tshawb xyuas thiab ntxuav txhua qhov kawg.Ib qho kab mob APC txuas ntxiv tuaj yeem ntxiv qhov poob ntau dua li qhov ua tau zoo tsis zoo. Ntxuav nrog anhydrous ethanol thiab lint - dawb so ua ntej ntsuas.
- Tshawb xyuas koj qhov kev siv.Qhov yuam kev 1 dB hauv koj OTDR lossis lub zog -meter siv lub tshuab xa tawm qhia tau tias 1 dB ntawm phantom splitter poob.
- Paub meej wavelength.Ib qho cuab yeej ntsuas ntawm 1550 nm nyeem txawv dua li 1490 nm nqes hav nws nqa tau; ib tug mismatch fakes ib qho teeb meem.
- Account rau cascade.Yog tias koj tsis nco qab qhov thib ob splitter theem hauv koj cov peev nyiaj, qhov txuas tau ua raws nraim li physics hais tias - koj daim ntawv nthuav qhia tsis raug, tsis yog kho vajtse.
Tsuas yog tom qab plaub qhov kev kuaj ntawd swapping lub splitter ua rau kev nkag siab. Feem ntau "phem splitter" hu daws ntawm kauj ruam ib.
6 tiag tiag -lub ntiaj teb pitfalls - yuam kev engineers pheej ua
Kev xav yog huv si; teb installs tsis yog. 6 tus qauv ua tsis tiav hauv qab no tshwm sim ntau zaus hauv ISP cov rooj sab laj, NANOG xa ntawv -cov ntaub ntawv khaws cia, thiab kev lag luam teb- cov ntawv ceeb toom kev pabcuam. Tsis muaj leej twg xav tau cov khoom siv txawv txawv los ua rau - lawv txhua tus tshwm sim nrog kev txiav txim siab zoo ib yam ua nrawm.
Cov qauv thiab qhov ua tau raws li qhov tau lees paub
Ib qho kev sib cais uas kaw cov peev nyiaj rau ib hnub tab sis ua tsis tiav tom qab peb lub caij ntuj no tsis muaj nqis. Qhov ntawd yog qhov chaw nyob. Ob lub cev tseem ceeb:
- ITU-T G.984 (GPON)txhais cov pob nyiaj siv kho qhov muag - cov chav kawm attenuation (Class B + ntawm 13–28 dB, Chav Kawm C + ntawm 17–32 dB) uas koj qhov kev poob qis yuav tsum haum rau hauv. Qhov no yog qhov spec uas qhia koj seb 1 × 64 puas tseem raug cai ntawm OLT muab.
- Telcordia GR-1209 thiab GR-1221teeb tsa cov txheej txheem kev ntseeg siab dav dav rau cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev - qhov kev ntsuas ib puag ncig, kev siv tshuab, thiab kev laus (xws li damp- cua sov thiab thermal cycling uas FTTH network yuav tsum muaj sia nyob dhau nws lub neej 25 xyoo).
Thaum ib daim ntawv faib cov ntaub ntawv hais txog GR-1209/GR-1221, nws tau lees tias lub cuab yeej dhau nrawm dua- kev laus thiab kev tsim nyog ib puag ncig - tsis yog tias nws ntsuas tau zoo ib zaug ntawm lub rooj ntev zaum. Rau kev xa tawm sab nraum zoov thiab huab cua, qhov sib txawv yog tag nrho cov ntsiab lus. Glory Optical manufactures raws li ISO 9001: 2015 zoo system nrog tag nrho batch traceability, thiab validates kho qhov muag thiab ib puag ncig kev ua tau zoo nyob rau hauv-tsev tiv thaiv IEC, ITU-T, thiab Telcordia cov qauv.
Qhov no mus qhov twg
Splitter thov taug qab fiber ntau rollout, thiab fiber ntau rollout yog accelerating.Cov ntu ntu ntawm cov khoom siv kho qhov muag tsis pom kev lag luam tau kwv yees kom loj hlob ntawm kwv yees li 15% CAGR txog xyoo 2030, tsav los ntawm FTTH tsim- tawm, 5G fronthaul, thiab hyperscale cov chaw zov me nyuam. Cov kev ua haujlwm siab yog mus rau ntau dua kev suav suav (1 × 64 thiab tshaj) ntawm kev poob qis, thiab mus rau cov khoom siv ntsuas rau XGS tshiab dua-PON thiab NG-PON2 cov phiaj xwm wavelength ntau dua li GPON ib leeg. Hauv kev coj ua uas txhais tau hais tias PLC txuas ntxiv hloov FBT rau kev faib tawm, thaum FBT tuav nws lub niche hauv kev saib xyuas cov kais dej thiab cov khoom sib txuas asymmetric. Cov tivthaiv tsis hloov ntau; cov peev nyiaj nws yuav tsum tau ua kom haum rau hauv kom nruj dua.
Cov lus nug uas nquag nug
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Q: Yuav ua li cas lub fiber splitter ua hauj lwm tsis muaj hwj chim?
A: Nws siv tag nrho cov kev xav sab hauv sab hauv iav. Lub teeb nkag mus rau hauv lub cuab yeej yog coj los ntawm thaj tsam fused coupling (FBT) lossis ib qho etched waveguide (PLC) qhov twg lub geometry yuam lub zog los faib rau ntau txoj hauv kev. Tsis muaj hluav taws xob lossis lub zog hluav taws xob koom nrog - tsuas yog cov khoom kho qhov muag ntawm cov khoom.
Q: Qhov txawv ntawm FBT thiab PLC splitter yog dab tsi?
A: FBT fuses thiab stretches tiag fibers; PLC etches waveguides rau ib nti. FBT yog pheej yig dua thiab txhawb kev sib piv asymmetric tab sis poob qhov tseeb tshaj qhov sib cais 1 × 8. PLC muab kev poob zoo thoob plaws txhua qhov chaw nres nkoj thiab lub tiaj tiaj 1260-1650 nm teb, ua rau nws tus qauv rau 1 × 8 thiab siab dua FTTH splits.
Q: Muaj pes tsawg lub tsev tuaj yeem ua 1 × 32 splitter pab?
A: Peb caug-ob, ib qho ntawm qhov chaw tso zis - piv txwv tias koj cov peev nyiaj poob yuav raug kaw. Nrog rau ib txwm +3 dBm GPON tso tawm thiab −28 dBm ONT rhiab heev, ib qho 1 × 32 (≈17.5 dB) ntxiv rau fiber ntau thiab cov khoom sib txuas haum zoo hauv cov peev nyiaj tawm mus rau ob peb mais. A 1 × 64 yog ua tau tab sis tawm deb tsawg dua thiab yuav tsum tau siab dua -chav kawm optics.
Q: Vim li cas qhov kev poob qis nce nrog qhov sib cais?
A: Vim tias koj tab tom faib tus nqi ruaj khov ntawm lub zog kho qhov muag ntawm cov zis ntau dua. Hauv pem teb yog 10·log₁₀(N): txhua qhov kev tso tawm ob npaug ntxiv 3 dB. Cov khoom siv tiag tiag ntxiv qhov poob ntau dhau ntawm qhov ntawd, uas yog vim li cas 1 × 64 khiav ncig 21 dB thaum 1 × 2 khiav qis dua 4 dB.
Q: Lub fiber ntau splitter puas tuaj yeem sib txuas cov teeb liab?
A: Yog. Splitters yog bidirectional. Khiav rov qab, 1 × N ntaus ntawv sib txuas N inputs rau hauv ib qho zis - tib lub physics, siv rau cov tsheb thauj mus los hauv PON thiab rau redundancy hauv 2 × N configurations qhov twg ob OLT txau tiv thaiv ib leeg.
Q: Koj yuav ua li cas thiaj li txo tau lub splitter qhov ntxig poob hauv qhov chaw?
A: Koj tsis tuaj yeem txo qhov poob ntawm lub cuab yeej, tab sis koj tuaj yeem nres ntxiv rau nws: khaws cov khoom sib txuas kom huv si, siv qis - poob fusion splices (tsawg dua lossis sib npaug li 0.08 dB) es tsis txhob siv cov khoom sib txuas uas ua tau, nyiam APC connectors rau siab rov qab poob, thiab xaiv qhov qis tshaj phua piv koj cov neeg suav tso cai.
